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Structural Considerations of the Sclera

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The Sclera

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Abstract

Almost all of the sclera is of neural crest origin, except a small temporal portion formed from mesoderm. The developmental process of the sclera is directed from anterior to posterior and from inside to outside. Human fetal and adult sclera is formed by the collagen types I, III, IV, V, VI, and VIII, by the glycosaminoglycans dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate, and by the glycoproteins fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin. Gross anatomical studies show that the scleral shell is an incomplete sphere averaging 22 mm in diameter that terminates anteriorly at the anterior scleral foramen surrounding the cornea and posteriorly at the posterior scleral foramen surrounding the optic nerve canal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Urgel 224, Barcelona, 08036, Spain

    Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD (Clinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology)

  2. Tauber Eye Center, 4400 Broadway, Suite 202, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA

    Joseph Tauber MD

  3. Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA

    C. Stephen Foster MD (Professor of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School)

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  1. Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD .

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de la Maza, M.S., Tauber, J., Foster, C.S. (2012). Structural Considerations of the Sclera. In: The Sclera. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6502-8_1

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