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Immunologic Considerations of the Sclera

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The Sclera

Abstract

The sclera has the ability to participate in immunological diseases. The normal sclera contains immunoglobulins, albumin, and many of the classic and alternative pathway components of complement, and has few or no macrophages, Langherhans’ cells, neutrophils, or lymphocytes.

The development of scleritis probably entails the interaction of genetically controlled mechanisms with environmental factors, such as infectious agents (e.g., viruses, mycobacteria) or trauma. This interaction gives rise to an autoimmune process that damages the vessels through immune complex vessel deposition, subsequent complement activation, and neutrophil enzyme release (type III hypersensitivity). Persistent immunological injury leads to a chronic granulomatous response (type IV hypersensitivity) mediated by macrophages, epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Urgel 224, Barcelona, 08036, Spain

    Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD (Clinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology)

  2. Tauber Eye Center, 4400 Broadway, Suite 202, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA

    Joseph Tauber MD

  3. Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA

    C. Stephen Foster MD (Professor of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School)

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  1. Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Maite Sainz de la Maza MD, PhD .

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de la Maza, M.S., Tauber, J., Foster, C.S. (2012). Immunologic Considerations of the Sclera. In: The Sclera. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6502-8_2

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