Abstract
We present a 27-year-old woman with hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma, who presented postpartum during lactation with several vertebral osteoporotic fractures, increase in bone turnover markers, and measurable parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels. Cessations of lactation led to gradual decrease in bone turnover markers and PTHrP and improvement in bone mineral density. Pregnancy- and postpartum-associated osteoporosis is an uncommon condition characterized by the occurrence of fractures during late pregnancy or the puerperium. The patient presented postpartum with severe back pain and multiple vertebral fractures. Metabolic evaluation performed at presentation revealed hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, increased alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D insufficiency, normal serum protein immunoelectrophoresis, and a detectable level of PTHrP. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were markedly increased. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine was severely reduced. After cessation of lactation, the PTHrP level became undetectable. Bone turnover markers gradually decreased to normal and bone mineral density improved. Several factors contributed to the reduced bone mass in this patient, including amenorrhea treated with oral contraceptives, suppressive levothyroxine treatment, and lactation of twins with increased PTHrP. Patients with severely reduced bone mass need surveillance during pregnancy and lactation and should possibly consider avoiding breastfeeding. Patients with hypoparathyroidism should temporarily reduce their alphacalcidiol dose while lactating.
References
Khovidhunkit W, Epstein S (1996) Osteoporosis in pregnancy. Osteoporos Int 6:345–354
Goeb V, Strotz V, Verdet M, Le Loet X, Vittecoq O (2008) Post-partum sacral fracture associated with heparin treatment. Clin Rheumatol 27:S51–S53
Sekhar RV, Vassiopoulou-Sellin R (2001) Endocr Pract 7:262–266
Black AJ, Reid R, MacDonald AG, Fraser WD (2003) Effect of pregnancy on bone mineral dencity and biochemical markers of bone turnover in a patient with juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 18:167–171
Kovacs CS, Kronenberg HM (1997) Maternal–fetal calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy, puerperium, and lactation. Endocr Rev 18:832–872
Sowers M, Eyre D, Hollis BW et al (1995) Biochemical markers of bone turnover in lactating and nonlactating postpartum women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2210–2216
Holmberg-Marttila D, Leino A, Sievanen H (2003) Bone turnover markers during lactation, postpartum amenorrhea and resumption of menses. Osteoporos Int 14:103–109
Holmberg-Martilla D, Sievanen H, Tuimala R (1999) Changes in bone mineral density during pregnancy and postpartum: prospective data on five women. Osteoporos Int 10:41–46
Cross NA, Hillman LS, Allen SH, Krause GF (1995) Changes in bone mineral density and markers of bone remodeling during lactation and postweaning in women consuming high amounts of calcium. JBMR 10:1312–1320
Hartard M, Kleinmond C, Wiseman M et al (2007) Detrimental effect of oral contraceptives on parameters of bone mass and geometry in a cohort of 248 young women. Bone 40:444–450
Heemstra KA, Hamdy NA, Romijn JA, Smit JW (2006) The effects of thyrotropin-suppressive therapy on bone metabolism in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 16:583–591
Bucht E, Telenius-Berg M, Lundell G, Sjoberg HE (1986) Immunoextracted calcitonin in milk and plasma from totally thyroidectomized women. Evidence of monomeric calcitonin in plasma during pregnancy and lactation. Acta Endocrinol 113:529–535
Taylor TG, Lewis PE, Balderstone O (1975) Role of calcitonin in protecting the skeleton during pregnancy and lactation. J Endocrinol 66:297–298
Woodrow JP, Sharpe CJ, Fudge NJ et al (2006) Calcitonin plays a critical role in regulating skeletal mineral metabolism during lactation. Endocrinology 147:4010–4021
Sowers MF, Hollis BW, Shapiro B et al (1996) Elevated parathyroid hormone-related peptide associated with lactation and bone density loss. JAMA 276:549–554
Anai T, Tomiyasu T, Arima K, Miyakawa I (1999) Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis with elevated levels of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein: a report of two cases. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 25:63–67
Mather KJ, Chik CL, Corenblum B (1999) Maintenance of serum calcium by parathyroid hormone-related peptide during lactation in a hypoparathyroid patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:424–427
Shomali ME, Ross DS (1999) Hypercalcemia in a woman with hypoparathyroidism associated with increased parathyroid hormone-related protein during lactation. Endocr Pract 5:198–200
Chen Q, Kaji H, Iu MF et al (2003) Effects of an excess and a deficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone on volumetric bone mineral density and bone geometry determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in female subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4655–4658
Rubin MR, Dempster D, Sliney J et al (2006) Indices of bone quality are markedly abnormal in hypoparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 21:S37
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Mrs. Zila Shen-Orr and Mrs. Batia Raz from Rambam Health Care Campus Endocrine Laboratory for their expert laboratory work.
Conflicts of interest
Authors I. Hochberg and Y. Weisman have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
E. Segal has received lecture fees from Aventis, Novonordisk, and MSD.
S. Ish-Shalom has received consulting and lecture fees from Aventis, CTS, Eli Lilly, MSD, Meditec, NPS, and has received grant support from Aventis (2004), Eli Lilly (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005–present), Beaufour Ipsen Group (2001), MSD (1997, 2000, 2002), Novartis (2003), NPS (2003), Medison Pharma (2001), Sunlight Ultrasound Technologies (1999), Neopharm Pharmaceutical (1998), Smith Kline Beecham (1997), and Transpharma (2007–2009).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Elena Segal and Irith Hochberg contributed equally to the writing of this paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Segal, E., Hochberg, I., Weisman, Y. et al. Severe postpartum osteoporosis with increased PTHrP during lactation in a patient after total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Osteoporos Int 22, 2907–2911 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1515-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1515-8