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Impact of dietary intake, education, and physical activity on bone mineral density among North Indian women

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship of dietary nutrients and bone mineral density (BMD) in North Indian women. This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2006 to March 2008. Subjects included 255 healthy women, aged 20–69 years, who were relatives of patients being admitted in the hospital. Various demographic characteristics including socioeconomic status and serum parameters in relationship to BMD were evaluated. In addition, the daily dietary intake of energy, protein, fat, and calcium and the amount of physical activity were assessed. BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and Ward’s triangle was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and educational level were positively correlated with BMD. The daily intakes of energy (1563.4 ± 267.2 kcal) and protein (48.7 ± 8.7 g) were below the recommended dietary allowance. Daily dietary energy, protein, and calcium intakes were correlated with BMD at the lumbar spine. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses showed that age, BMI, and physical activity were significant predictors for BMD at all sites. In addition, energy intake was also a predictor for BMD at the lumbar spine. The protein intake was associated with BMD at the spine (P = 0.02 and β = 0.163) even after making adjustments for energy intake. Thus, dietary pattern coupled with higher education levels and greater physical activity favored bone health.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of the Ronpaku Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, and Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC) and Lok Nayak Hospital (LNH), New Delhi, for the study. The authors are grateful to Dr. Swaraj Batra, Director-Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MAMC, for granting permission for the study; Ms. Sanjana Kapoor (M.Sc. in Food and Nutrition), Assistant Dietician (LNH), for her help in dietary evaluation of the participants, and Dr. D.K. Shukla (M. Stat., Ph.D.) for statistical analysis of the data. The authors wish to express special thanks to Dr. Manpreet Singh and R.K. Gupta for their cooperation in recruitment and conducting investigations of the study participants, and Kazunori Hashimoto for his valuable suggestions for the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India

    Ashok Kumar & Soniya Mittal

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan

    Seiya Orito, Ken Ishitani & Hiroaki Ohta

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  1. Ashok Kumar
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  2. Soniya Mittal
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  3. Seiya Orito
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  4. Ken Ishitani
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  5. Hiroaki Ohta
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Correspondence to Hiroaki Ohta.

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Kumar, A., Mittal, S., Orito, S. et al. Impact of dietary intake, education, and physical activity on bone mineral density among North Indian women. J Bone Miner Metab 28, 192–201 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0118-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0118-y

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