Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparison of statin eligibility according to the Adult Treatment Panel III, ACC/AHA blood cholesterol guideline, and presence of carotid plaque by ultrasound in Mexican mestizo patients with rheumatoid arthritis

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Clinical Rheumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 and the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) differ in their strategies to recommend initiation of statin therapy. The presence of carotid plaque (CP) by carotid ultrasound is an indication to begin statin therapy. We aimed to compare the recommendation to initiate statin therapy according to the ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines, ATP-III guidelines, and CP by carotid ultrasound. We then carried out an observational, cross-sectional study of 62 statin-naive Mexican mestizo RA patients, aged 40 to 75, who fulfilled the 1987 or 2010 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. CP was evaluated with B-mode ultrasound. Cohen’s kappa (k) was used to assess agreement between ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines, ATP-III guidelines, and the presence of CP, considering a p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Agreement was classified as slight (0.01–0.20), fair (0.21–0.40), moderate (0.41–0.60), substantial (0.61–0.80), and an almost perfect agreement (0.81–1.00). Slight agreement (k = 0.096) was found when comparing statin recommendation between CP and ATP-III. Fair agreement (k = 0.242) was revealed between ACC/AHA 2013 and ATP-III. Comparison between ACC/AHA 2013 and CP showed moderate agreement (k = 0.438). ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines could be an adequate and cost-effective tool to evaluate the need of statin therapy in Mexican mestizo RA patients, with moderate agreement with the presence of CP by ultrasound.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. You S, Cho CS, Lee I, Hood L, Hwang D, Kim WU (2012) A systems approach to rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 7:e51508

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, Cannuscio CC, Mandl LA, Manson JE et al (2003) Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 107:1303–1307

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Gonzalez-Gay MA (2011) Correlation between endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients with long-standing disease. Arthritis Res Ther 13:R101

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Solomon DH, Greenberg J, Curtis JR, Liu M, Farkouh ME, Tsao P et al (2015) Derivation and internal validation of an expanded cardiovascular risk prediction score for rheumatoid arthritis: a Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America Registry Study. Arthritis Rheum 67:1995–2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Arts EE, Popa C, Den Broeder AA, Semb AG, Toms T, Kitas GD et al (2015) Performance of four current risk algorithms in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 74:668–674

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Danninger K, Hoppe UC, Pieringer H (2014) Do statins reduce the cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Int J Rheum Dis 17:606–611

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Peters MJ, Symmons DP, McCarey D, Dijkmans BA, Nicola P, Kvien TK et al (2010) EULAR evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 69:325–331

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, Keech A, Simes J, Barnes EH et al (2012) The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 380:581–590

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001) Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285:2486–2497

  10. Andrus B, Lacaille D (2014) 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:2886

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Choy E, Ganeshalingam K, Semb AG, Szekanecz Z, Nurmohamed M (2014) Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: recent advances in the understanding of the pivotal role of inflammation, risk predictors and the impact of treatment. Rheumatology 53:2143–2154

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C (2014) Inflammation and lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: bridging an apparent paradox. Ann Rheum Dis 73:1281–1283

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kasliwal RR, Bansal M, Desai D, Sharma M (2014) Carotid intima-media thickness: current evidence, practices, and Indian experience. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 18:13–22

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Martin J, Gonzalez-Gay MA (2009) Carotid intima-media thickness predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38:366–371

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Catapano AL, Reiner Z, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O et al (2011) ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Atherosclerosis 217:3–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Guardado-Estrada M, Juarez-Torres E, Medina-Martinez I, Wegier A, Macias A, Gomez G et al (2009) A great diversity of Amerindian mitochondrial DNA ancestry is present in the Mexican mestizo population. J Hum Genet 54:695–705

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Park HW, Kim WH, Kim KH, Yang DJ, Kim JH, Song IG et al (2013) Carotid plaque is associated with increased cardiac mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 166:658–663

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tahmasebpour HR, Buckley AR, Cooperberg PL, Fix CH (2005) Sonographic examination of the carotid arteries. RadioGraphics 25:1561–1575

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gisev N, Bell JS, Chen T (2013) Interrater agreement and interrater reliability: key concepts, approaches, and applications. Res Social Adm Pharm 9:330–338

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Pecina MJ, Navar-Boggan AM, D’Agostino RB, Williams K, Neely B, Sniderman AD et al (2014) Application of new cholesterol guidelines to a population-based sample. N Engl J Med 370:1422–1431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Aguilar-Salinas CA, Gomez-Perez FJ, Rull J, Villalpando S, Barquera S, Rojas R (2010) Prevalence of dyslipidemias in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006. Salud Publica Mex 52:44–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Alcocer LA, Lozada O, Fanghänel G, Sanchez-Reyes L, Campos-Franco E (2011) Estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular global. Comparación de los métodos Framingham y SCORE en población mexicana del estudio PRIT. Cir Cir 79:168–174

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Amaya-Amaya J, Espinosa-Serna JS, Herrera-Diaz C, Anaya JM, Rojas-Villarraga A (2012) Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review in Latin America. Arthritis 2012:371909

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Saba L, Anzidei M, Sanfilippo R, Montisci R, Lucatelli P, Catalano C et al (2012) Imaging of the carotid artery. Atherosclerosis 220:94–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Choudhury RP, Fuster V, Badimon JJ, Fisher EA, Fayad ZA (2002) MRI and characterization of atherosclerotic plaque: emerging applications and molecular imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1065–1074

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez UANL, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

    Dionicio A. Galarza-Delgado, Jesus A. Cardenas-de la Garza & Rosa I. Arvizu-Rivera

  2. Cardiology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez UANL, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

    Jose R. Azpiri-Lopez, Raymundo Vera-Pineda & Adrian Martinez-Moreno

  3. Rheumatology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez UANL, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

    Iris J. Colunga-Pedraza & Mario A. Garza Elizondo

  4. Radiology Department, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez UANL, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

    Judith I. Garcia-Colunga & Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas

  5. Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez UANL, Francisco I. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

    Jesus Z. Villarreal-Perez

Authors
  1. Dionicio A. Galarza-Delgado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jose R. Azpiri-Lopez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Iris J. Colunga-Pedraza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jesus A. Cardenas-de la Garza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Raymundo Vera-Pineda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Judith I. Garcia-Colunga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rosa I. Arvizu-Rivera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Adrian Martinez-Moreno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jesus Z. Villarreal-Perez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Mario A. Garza Elizondo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dionicio A. Galarza-Delgado.

Ethics declarations

Written consent was obtained from all participants according to local ethical committee.

Disclosures

None.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Galarza-Delgado, D.A., Azpiri-Lopez, J.R., Colunga-Pedraza, I.J. et al. Comparison of statin eligibility according to the Adult Treatment Panel III, ACC/AHA blood cholesterol guideline, and presence of carotid plaque by ultrasound in Mexican mestizo patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 35, 2823–2827 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-016-3312-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-016-3312-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation