Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a wide range of biological activities and regulates immunological reactions, inflammatory responses, and hematopoiesis. Overproduction of IL-6 has been shown to be pathologically involved in some inflammatory diseases, such as Castleman’s disease, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical studies have been conducted to investigate a role of IL-6 and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-6 therapy for these diseases using humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody (tocilizumab; currently known as MRA). Overall, tocilizumab was well-tolerated, and improvements of signs and symptoms were observed, confirming the pathological role of IL-6 and suggesting that the blockade of IL-6 could become a new and important treatment option in these refractory diseases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dickman, S. (1998), Science 280, 1196, 1197.
Akira, S., Taga, T., and Kishimoto, T. (1993), Adv. Immunol. 54, 1–78.
Hirano, T., Yasukawa, K., Harada, H., et al. (1986), Nature 324, 73–76.
Ikebuchi, K., Wong, G. G., Clark, S. C., Ihle, J. N., Hirai, Y., and Ogawa, M. (1987), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 9035–9039.
Koike, K., Nakahata, T., Takagi, M., et al. (1988), J. Exp. Med. 168, 879–890.
Ishibashi, T., Kimura, H., Shikama, Y., et al. (1989), Blood 74, 1241–1244.
Noma, T., Mizuta, T., Rosen, A., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T., and Honjo, T. (1987), Immunol. Lett. 15, 249–253.
Okada, M., Kitahara, M., Kishimoto, S., Matsuda, T., Hirano, T., and Kishimoto, T. (1988), J. Immunol. 141, 1543–1549.
Miyaura, C., Onozaki, K., Akiyama, Y., et al. (1988), FEBS Lett. 234, 17–21.
Shabo, Y., Lotem, J., Rubinstein, M., et al. (1988), Blood 72, 2070–2073.
Gauldie, J., Richards, C., Harnish, D., Lansdorp, P., and Baumann, H. (1987), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 7251–7255.
Andus, T., Geiger, T., Hirano, T., et al. (1987), FEBS Lett. 221, 18–22.
Castell, J. V., Gomez-Lechon, M. J., David, M., Hirano, T., Kishimoto, T., and Heinrich, P. C. (1988), FEBS Lett. 232, 347–350.
Ulich, T. R., del Castillo, J., and Guo, K. Z. (1989), Blood 73, 108–110.
Tamura, T., Udagawa, N., Takahashi, N., et al. (1993), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11,924–11,928.
Yamasaki, K., Taga, T., Hirata, Y., et al. (1988), Science 241, 825–828.
Taga, T., Hibi, M., Hirata, Y., et al. (1989), Cell 58, 573–581.
Hibi, M., Murakami, M., Saito, M., Hirano, T., Taga, T., and Kishimoto, T. (1990), Cell 63, 1149–1157.
Uson, J., Balsa, A., Pascual-Salcedo, D., et al. (1997), J. Rheumatol. 24, 2069–2075.
Desgeorges, A., Gabay, C., Silacci, P., et al. (1997), J. Rheumatol. 24, 1510–1516.
Sato, K., Tsuchiya, M., Saldanha, J., et al. (1993), Cancer Res. 53, 851–856.
Nishimoto, N., Ogata, A., Shima, Y., et al. (1994), J. Exp. Med. 179, 1343–1347.
Keller, A. R., Hochholzer, L., and Castleman, B. (1972), Cancer 29, 670–683.
Peterson, B. A. and Frizzera, G. (1993), Semin. Oncol. 20, 636–647.
Yoshizaki, K., Matsuda, T., Nishimoto, N., et al. (1989), Blood 74, 1360–1367.
Beck, J. T., Hsu, S. M., Wijdenes, J., et al. (1994), N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 602–605.
Nishimoto, N., Sasai, M., Shima, Y., et al. (2000), Blood 95, 56–61.
Nishimoto, N., Kanakura, Y., Aozasa, K., et al., Blood in press.
Shanahan, F. (2002), Lancet 359, 62–69.
Targan, S. R., Hanauer, S. B., van Deventer, S. J., et al. (1997), N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 1029–1035.
Hanauer, S. B., Feagan, B. G., Lichtenstein, G. R., et al. (2002), Lancet 359, 1541–1549.
Present, D. H., Rutgeerts, P., Targan, S., et al. (1999), N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 1398–1405.
Mitsuyama, K., Toyonaga, A., Sasaki, E., et al. (1995), Gut 36, 45–49.
Holub, M. C., Mako, E., Devay, T., et al. (1998), Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 228(Suppl.), 47–50.
Mitsuyama, K., Sasaki, E., Toyonaga, A., et al. (1991), Digestion 50, 104–111.
Kusugami, K., Fukatsu, A., Tanimoto, M., et al. (1995), Dig. Dis. Sci. 40, 949–959.
Arai, F., Takahashi, T., Furukawa, K., Matsushima, K., and Asakura, H. (1998), Dig. Dis. Sci. 43, 2071–2079.
Funakoshi, K., Sugimura, K., Anezaki, K., Bannai, H., Ishizuka, K., and Asakura, H. (1998), Digestion 59, 73–78.
Hosokawa, T., Kusugami, K., Ina, K., et al. (1999), J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 987–996.
Atreya, R., Mudter, J., Finotto, S., et al. (2000), Nat. Med. 6, 583–588.
Yamamoto, M., Yoshizaki, K., Kishimoto, T., and Ito, H. (2000), J. Immunol. 164, 4878–4882.
Ito, H., Hirotani T., Yamamoto, M., Ogawa, H., and Kishimoto, T. (2002), J. Gastroenterol. 37(Suppl. 14), 56–61.
Ito, H., Takazoe, M., Fukuda, Y., et al. (2004), Gastroenterology 126, 989–996.
Harris, E. D. Jr. (1990), N. Engl. J. Med. 322, 1277–1289.
Hirano, T., Matsuda, T., Turner, M., et al. (1988), Eur. J. Immunol. 18, 1797–1801.
Miyasaka, N., Sato, K., Hashimoto, J., et al. (1989), Clin. Immunol. Immunopatho. 52, 238–247.
Harigai, M., Hara, M., Kitani, A., et al. (1991), J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 34, 107–113.
Colville-Nash, P. R. and Scott, D. L. (1992), Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 919–925.
Nakahara, H., Song, J., Sugimoto, M., et al. (2003), Arthritis Rheum. 48, 1521–1529.
Houssiau, F. A., Devogelaer, J. P., Van Damme, J., de Deuxchaisnes, C. N., and Van Snick, J. (1988), Arthritis Rheum. 31, 784–788.
Sack, U., Kinne, R. W., Marx, T., Heppt, P., Bender, S., and Emmrich, F. (1993), Rheumatol. Int. 13, 45–51.
Madhok, R., Crilly, A., Watson, J., and Capell, H. A. (1993), Ann. Rheum. Dis. 52, 232–234.
Wendling, D., Racadot, E., and Wijdenes, J. (1993), J. Rheumatol. 20, 259–262.
Alonzi, T., Fattori, E., Lazzaro, D., et al. (1998), J. Exp. Med. 187, 461–468.
Sasai, M., Saeki, Y., Ohshima, S., et al. (1999), Arthritis Rheum. 42, 1635–1643.
Takagi, N., Mihara, M., Moriya, Y., et al. (1998), Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2117–2121.
Mihara, M., Kotoh, M., Nishimoto, N., et al. (2001), Clin. Immunol. 98, 319–326.
Matsuno, H., Sawai, T., Nezuka, T., et al. (1998), Arthritis Rheum. 41, 2014–2021.
Nishimoto, N., Kishimoto, T., and Yoshizaki, K. (2000), Ann. Rheum. Dis. 59, i21-i27.
Choy, E. H., Isenberg, D. A., Garrood, T., et al. (2002), Arthritis Rheum. 46, 3143–3150.
Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Maeda, K., et al. (2003), J. Rheumatol. 30, 1426–1435.
Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Miyasaka, N., et al. (2004), Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1761–1769.
Maini, R. N., Taylor, P. C., Pavelka, K., et al. (2003), Arthritis Rheum. 48(Suppl), S652, 1704.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nishimoto, N. Clinical studies in patients with Castleman’s disease, Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol 28, 221–229 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:28:3:221
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:28:3:221