Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with premature mortality, severe morbidity, and functional impairment leading to considerable financial burden for both patients and society. Since disease progression and complications can differ from one patient to another, genetic markers are of potential relevance for identifying those individuals at a higher risk of more severe disease. RA is a complex polygenic disease. Cardiovascular (CV) disease due to accelerated atherogenesis is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with RA. Several studies support the implication of genetic factors in the development of CV disease in RA. In addition to the strong association between alleles of the HLA-DRB1*04 shared epitope and both subclinical and clinically evident CV disease, genes implicated in inflammation and metabolism, such as TNFA, MTHFR, and CCR5, seem to be associated with a higher risk of CV disease in patients with RA. We propose the use of these genetic variants as molecular biomarkers that could help to predict disease outcome at diagnosis of RA and, therefore, to optimize the treatment and management of other risk factors from an early stage of the disease.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, outcome, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Rheumatoid Arthritis: Genetic Variants as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease
Volume: 21 Issue: 2
Author(s): Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Raquel López-Mejias, Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Balsa, Miguel A. González-Gay and Javier Martín
Affiliation:
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, outcome, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with premature mortality, severe morbidity, and functional impairment leading to considerable financial burden for both patients and society. Since disease progression and complications can differ from one patient to another, genetic markers are of potential relevance for identifying those individuals at a higher risk of more severe disease. RA is a complex polygenic disease. Cardiovascular (CV) disease due to accelerated atherogenesis is the most common cause of premature mortality in patients with RA. Several studies support the implication of genetic factors in the development of CV disease in RA. In addition to the strong association between alleles of the HLA-DRB1*04 shared epitope and both subclinical and clinically evident CV disease, genes implicated in inflammation and metabolism, such as TNFA, MTHFR, and CCR5, seem to be associated with a higher risk of CV disease in patients with RA. We propose the use of these genetic variants as molecular biomarkers that could help to predict disease outcome at diagnosis of RA and, therefore, to optimize the treatment and management of other risk factors from an early stage of the disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rodriguez-Rodriguez Luis, López-Mejias Raquel, Fernández-Gutiérrez Benjamín, Balsa Alejandro, A. González-Gay Miguel and Martín Javier, Rheumatoid Arthritis: Genetic Variants as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140825123407
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140825123407 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment by Intervention in Interleukin-1 Biology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gene and Stem Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction and Pulmonary Hypertension; Potential Treatments for the Common Problem of Endothelial Dysfunction
Current Gene Therapy Omentin: Linking Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology MMP Inhibitors in Cardiac Diseases: An Update
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Genetic Mapping of Pharmacogenetic Regulatory Variation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot-Topic: Molecular Mechanisms in Rheumatic Diseases:Rationale for Novel Drug Development (Guest Editor: Charles J. Malemud)]
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Nanosponges Encapsulated Phytochemicals for Targeting Cancer: A Review
Current Drug Targets Effect of Formulation Variables on the Preparation of Ibuprofen Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Carbohydrate Antigens: Synthesis Aspects and Immunological Applications in Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry IL-1 Cytokines in Cardiovascular Disease: Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Phthalimide Analogues and their Therapeutic Potential
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Monocyte Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity: A New Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis?
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Autoimmune Hepatitis After Long-Term Methotrexate Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Current Drug Safety Psoriatic Arthritis and Risk of Vertebral Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Synthetic and Medicinal Prospective of Structurally Modified Curcumins
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Novel Anticancer Targets and Drug Discovery in Post Genomic Age
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Gender Differences in Metabolic Syndrome – A Key Research Issue
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Nanoemulsions for Skin Targeting: Present Status and Future Prospects
Drug Delivery Letters Pro-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Diabetic Neuropathy: Focus on the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway
Current Drug Targets