skip to main content
article
Free Access

Efficient algorithms for 3D scan-conversion of parametric curves, surfaces, and volumes

Published:01 August 1987Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) scan-conversion algorithms, that scan-convert 3D parametric objects into their discrete voxelmap representation within a Cubic Frame Buffer (CFB), are presented. The parametric objects that are studied include Bezier form of cubic parametric curves, bicubic parametric surface patches, and tricubic parametric volumes. The converted objects in discrete 3D space maintain pre-defined application-dependent connectivity and fidelity requirements.The algorithms introduced here emply third-order forward difference techniques. Efficient versions of the algorithms based on first-order decision mechanisms, which employ only integer arithmetic, are also discussed. All algorithms are incremental and use only simple operations inside the inner algorithm loops. They perform scan-conversion with computational complexity which is linear in the number of voxels written to the CFB. All the algorithms have been implemented as part of the CUBE Architecture, which is a voxel-based system for 3D graphics.

References

  1. 1 Bezier, P., "UNISURF System: Principles, Program, Language", in Computer Languages for Numerical Control, J. Hatvany, (ed.), North-Holland, Amsterdam- London, 1972, 417-426.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. 2 Bezier, P., Numerical Control Mathematics and Applications, A. R. Forrest (Trans.), Wiley,-London, 1972.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. 3 Bezier, P., "Mathematical and Practical Possibilities of UNISURF", in Computer Aided Geometric Design, R. E. Barnhitl and R. F. Riesenfeld, (eds.), Academic, New York, 1974, 127-152.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. 4 Blinn, J. F., Carpenter, L., Lane, J. and Whirred, T., "Scan Line Methods for Displaying Parametrically Defined Surfaces", Communications of the ACM, 23, 1 (January 1980), 23-34. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. 5 Bresenham, J. E., "Algorithm for Computer Control of a Digital Plotter", IBM Systems Journal, 4, 1 (1965), 25- 30.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  6. 6 Clark, J. H., "Parametric Curves, Surfaces, and Volumes in Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Geometric Design", Technical Report 221, Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, November 1981. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. 7 Coons, S. A., "Surfaces for Computer-Aided Design of Space Forms", MIT Project MAC Teeh. Rep.-41, June 1967. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. 8 deBoor, C., "On Uniform Approximation with Splines", Journal of Approximation Theory, 1, (1968), 249-274.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. 9 Foley, J. D. and van Dam, A., Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1982. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. 10 Forrest, A. R., "On Coons and Other Methods for the Representation of Curved Surfaces", Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 1, 4 (December 1972), 341-354.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. 11 Goldwasser, S. M., "A Generalized Object Display Processor Architecture", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 4, 10 (October 1984), 43-55.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. 12 Jackel, D., "The Graphics PARCUM System: A 3D Memory Based Computer Architecture for Processing and Display of Solid Models", Computer Graphics Forum, 1985, 21-32.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. 13 Kaufman, A. and Bakalash, R., "CUBE An Architecture Based on a 3-D Voxel Map", in Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD, R. A. Earnshaw, (ed.), Springer-Verlag, 1987.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. 14 Kaufman, A. and Bakatash, R., "A 3-D Cellular Frame Buffer", Proc. EUROGRAPHICS'85, Nice, France, September 1985, 215-220.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. 15 Kaufman, A. and Bakalash, R., "Memory and Processing Architecture for 3-D Voxel-Based Imagery", Technical Report 87/06, Department of Computer Science, SUNY at Stony Brook, February 1987.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. 16 Kaufman, A., "An Algorithm for 3D Scan-Conversion of Polygons", Proc. EUROGRAPHICS'87, Amsterdam, Netherlands, August 1987.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. 17 Kaufman, A., "Voxel-Based Architectures for Three- Dimensional Graphics", Proc. IFIP'S6, Dublin, Ireland, September 1986, 361-366.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. 18 Kaufman, A. and Shimony, E., "3D Scan-Conversion Algorithms for Voxel-Based Graphics", Proc. AGM Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, NC, October 1986. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. 19 Kim, C. E., "Three-Dimensional Digital Planes", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-$, 5 (September 1984), 639-645.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  20. 20 Lane, J. M. and Riesenfeld, R. F., "A Theoretical Development for the Computer Generation and Display of Pieeewise Polynomial Surfaces", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-2, 1 (January 1980), 35-46.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  21. 21 Ohashi, T., Uchiki, T. and Tokoro, M., "A Three- Dimensional Shaded Display Method for Voxel-Based Representation", Proe. EUROGRAPHICS'85, Nice, France, September 1985, 221-232.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. 22 Pavlidis, T., Algorithms }or Graphics and Image Processing, Computer Science Press, Rockvilte, MD, 1982. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. 23 Riesen feld, R. F., "Applications of B-spline Approximation to Geometric Problems of Computer Aided Design", University of Utah UTEC-CSc-73-126, March 1973.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. 24 Rosenfeld, A., "Three-Dimensional Digital Topology", Computer Science Center, Univ. of Maryland, Teeh. Rep.-936, 1980.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. 25 Srihari, S. N., "Representation of Three-Dimensional Digital Images", Computing Surveys, 4, 13 (December 1981), 399-424. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. Efficient algorithms for 3D scan-conversion of parametric curves, surfaces, and volumes

                Recommendations

                Comments

                Login options

                Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

                Sign in

                Full Access

                • Published in

                  cover image ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
                  ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics  Volume 21, Issue 4
                  July 1987
                  299 pages
                  ISSN:0097-8930
                  DOI:10.1145/37402
                  Issue’s Table of Contents
                  • cover image ACM Conferences
                    SIGGRAPH '87: Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
                    August 1987
                    352 pages
                    ISBN:0897912276
                    DOI:10.1145/37401

                  Copyright © 1987 ACM

                  Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

                  Publisher

                  Association for Computing Machinery

                  New York, NY, United States

                  Publication History

                  • Published: 1 August 1987

                  Check for updates

                  Qualifiers

                  • article

                PDF Format

                View or Download as a PDF file.

                PDF

                eReader

                View online with eReader.

                eReader