Here, the authors discuss the effect of the environment on osteoarthritis pathogenesis, focusing on factors that have become ubiquitous since the

Blanco FJ, Valdes AM, Rego-Pérez I. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; Advance online publication. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0001-0

The second most common clinical expression in lupus patients is skin damage that the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Brogan & Eleftheriou summarize recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of primary systemic vasculitides and the potential role of novel biomarkers discovered in that context.  Brogan P, Eleftheriou D. Pediatr Nephrol 2017. doi:10.1007/s00467-017-3597-4

Rambod M, Nazarinia M, Raieskarimian F. Clin Rheumatol 2018. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4151-x

The authors provide a concise overview of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis looking at where and how bone resorption occurs and questioning how fragility can be reduced. Bone Disorders . Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2017. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29182-6_18

The authors review the current knowledge of ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis, including genetic risk associations, HLA-B27-mediated pathology, perturbations in antigen-presentation pathways, and the type 3 immune response. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017;13:359–367. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.56

This review focusses on aberrant metabolism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, summarizing the current state of knowledge on the role of impaired metabolism in the cells of the osteoarthritic joint. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017;13:302–311. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.50

Ageing-associated changes affecting articular tissues promote the development of osteoarthritis (OA); several potential mechanisms by which ageing contributes to OA have been evaluated in this review. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016;12:412–420. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.65

This review looks at current knowledge on the role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and their potential role as therapeutic targets.  Withrow J et al. Arthritis Res Ther 2016;18:286. doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1178-8

This article explores the potential role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis as it affects the immune system and is implicated in several rheumatic disease processes. Ciccia F & Haroon N. Clin Rheumatol 2016;35:1433–14363. doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3262-5

Coates et al. discuss the etiology of psoriatic arthritis, including genetic and environmental factors. Various inflammatory pathways are also briefly discussed in this chapter. In: Handbook of Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriasis . Edited by Warren R, Menter A. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-18227-8_2

The authors propose that it has been difficult to identify clinically meaningful effects of targeted biologic therapies in giant cell arteritis, and discuss the possible multiple pathogenic reasons behind this.  Watanabe R et al. Curr Treat Options in Rheum 2016;2:126. doi:10.1007/s40674-016-0043-x

The authors examine emerging evidence for a critical role of low-grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, and discuss current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016;12:580–592. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.136

An overview of the future of ankylosing spondylitis genetics, including new developments in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genetics, and progress in non-MHC genetics. Nat Rev Rheumatol  2016;12:81–91. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.133

This review highlights recent studies examining the relationship between antibodies to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens (ACPA) and other autoantibodies and lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kelmenson LB, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD.  Curr Rheumatol Rep  2016;18:69. doi:10.1007/s11926-016-0618-4